Chapter 1 Citations

Citations are provided by chapter in order of appearance within the website. Links to source material are provided when possible.

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Introduction to Links in the Chain

• Quote ("The wartime abuse..."): Roger Daniels, Prisoners Without Trial: Japanese Americans in World War II (New York: Hill and Wang, 2004), 8.

Links in the Chain

• Poster: "No Japs in Our Schools / Citizens' Mass Meeting," (San Francisco, Dec. 10 1906). University of California, Berkeley. Courtesy of The Bancroft Library.
• Newspaper article: "Say California Demands Anti-Alien Legislation," Los Angeles Times, April 6, 1913: 11.
• Photograph: "Japs Keep Moving - This is a White Man's Neighborhood," (Los Angeles, c. 1920). Reproduced in “A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the U.S. Constitution,” The Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American History.
• Text ("The people of California..."): Sidney L. Gulick, "Japanese in California: A Critical Examination..." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 93 (1921): 57.
• Newspaper article: "Rules Japanese Can't Be Citizens," New York Times, Nov. 14, 1922: 1.
• Text ("The intention..."): Takao Ozawa v. United States, 260 U.S. 178, 207, 208, (1922).
• Photograph: "Toyosaku Komai fingerprinted by Gordon Green," (Los Angeles, Aug 28, 1940). Courtesy of Los Angeles Times Archive/UCLA.
• Text ("President Signs Bill..."): "President Signs Bill Compelling 3,500,000 Aliens to Register," Los Angeles Times, June 30, 1940: 1.
• Document: "This is Not a Drill, Dispatch," (Dec. 7, 1941). ARC: 596244, Record Group 181: Records of Naval Districts and Shore Establishments, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Text from audio ("We have witnessed..."): KGU Radio Honolulu, "Description of Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor," (Dec. 7, 1941). Michigan State University, The G. Robert Vince Voice Library.
• Photograph: Weegee, "Joseph Luparelli wearing his older brother's Army uniform at anti-Japanese rally, Little Italy, New York," (New York, Oct. 18, 1942). Weegee Collection, International Center of Photography.
• Text from video interview ("As soon as war..."): George Yoshida Interview by Alice Ito and John Pai, Segment 20, Feb. 18, 2002, Densho Visual History Collection. Courtesy of Densho.
• Photograph: "Photograph of the wreckage-strewn Naval Air Station at Pearl Harbor following the Japanese attack," (Nov. 15, 1945- May 31, 1946). ARC # 306541, Record Group 128: Records of Joint Committees of Congress, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Text ("Hostilities exist..."): "President Franklin Roosevelt's ‘Day of Infamy' Speech," (Dec. 8, 1941). ARC # 1436350, John G. Bradley Papers, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Cartoon: "Waiting for the Signal from Home...," February 13, 1942, Dr. Seuss Political Cartoons. Special Collection & Archives, UC San Diego Library.
• Text from newspaper article ("The peculiar danger..."): Walter Lippman, "Today and Tomorrow," The Washington Post, Feb. 12, 1942: 9.
• Poster: "Tokio kid say - Oh so joyful for mishap - One more less now fighting Jap. Thank you," (ca. 1942- ca. 1943) ARC 535321, Record Group 179: Records of the War Production Board, 1918-1947, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Text from video interview ("And there was cartoons..."): George Yoshida Interview by Alice Ito and John Pai, Segment 20, Feb. 18, 2002, Densho Visual History Collection. Courtesy of Densho.
• Drawing: Mine Okubo, "Mine with open newspaper, surrounded by anti-Japanese slogans, Berkeley, California, 1941," (ca. 1942- ca. 1944) Mine Okubo Collection, Japanese American National Museum.
• Text from video interview ("By January..."): Frank Miyamoto Interview III by Stephen Fugita, Segment 5, Apr. 29, 1998, Densho Visual History Collection. Courtesy of Densho.
• Document: "Memorandum from James H. Rowe, Jr. to Grace Tully," February 2, 1942, The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum.

Introduction to Rising Tension

• Text from video interview ("I no longer felt..."): Akiko Kurose Interview I by Matt Emery, Segment 13, July 17, 1997, Densho Visual History Collection. Courtesy of Densho.

Rising Tension

• Audio from video interview ("Then when I went back..."): Akiko Kurose Interview I by Matt Emery, Segment 13, July 17, 1997, Densho Visual History Collection. Courtesy of Densho.
• Audio from video interview ("You could feel..."): Roy Ebihara Interview by Tom Ikeda, Segments 13 and 14, July 5, 2008, Densho Visual History Collection. Courtesy of Densho.
• Audio from video interview ("For days we could hear...."): Shigeko Sese Uno Interview by Beth Kawahira and Alice Ito, Segment 13, Sept. 18, 1998, Densho Visual History Collection. Courtesy of Densho.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "San Francisco, California. Lunch hour at the Raphael Weill Public School...," (April 17, 1942). ARC 536049, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "San Francisco, California. Many children of Japanese ancestry...," (April 20, 1942). ARC 536439, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: "Rainer Elementary School Class," (Seattle, WA, 1939). denshopd-p113-00044, Densho Digital Repository. Courtesy of the Uyeda Groves Family Collection.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "San Francisco, California. Flag of allegiance pledge...," (April 20, 1942). ARC 536053, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "San Francisco, California. Many evacuated children...," (April 20, 1942). ARC 536051, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: "Racial Epithet," (Nov. 11, 1944). Denshopd-i37-00658, Densho Digital Repository. Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: "Anti-Japanese propaganda sent to President Roosevelt." Denshopd-i67-00084, Densho Digital Repository. Courtesy of the Commission on the Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "San Francisco, California. Families of two Shinto priests...," (April 25, 1942). ARC 536402, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "Sacramento, California. Japanese Christian center...," (May 11, 1942). ARC 537867, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "Mountain View, California. Henry Mitarai, age 36...," (March 30, 1942). ARC 537614, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "San Francisco, California. Exclusion Order posted...," (April 11, 1942). ARC 536017, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: "Family in front of their store," (ca. 1930s) denshopd-p13-00039, Mamiya Family Collection, Densho Digital Repository. Courtesy of the Mamiya Family Collection.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "Photograph of the Shibuya Family in Mountain View, California," (April 18, 1942). ARC 536037, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "Sacramento, California. Another of the young students of Japanese ancestry...," (May 20, 1942). ARC 537791, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.

Introduction: Forced Removal

• Quote ("I am for the immediate removal..."): Henry McLemore, a Hearst syndicated columnist, "This is War: Stop Worrying about Hurt Japanese Feelings," published in the Seattle Times, Jan. 30, 1942.

Forced Removal

• Video: "Japanese Relocation," (ca. 1943). ARC 38743, US Office of War Information, National Archives and Records Administration.